Protozoan Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas’ disease. The reservoir includes many wild animals. The vector is reduviid, the “kissing bug.” Xenodiagnosis allows for the identification of trypanosomes in the intestinal tract of the reduviid bug, which confirms the diagnosis.                             ...

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ATP: The Perfect Energy Currency for the Cell

Abstract The major energy currency molecule of the cell, ATP, is evaluated in the context of creationism. This complex molecule is critical for all life from the simplest to the most complex. It is only one of millions of enormously intricate nanomachines that needs to have been designed in order for life to exist on earth. This motor is an excellent example of irreducible...

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The Aufbau Principle

The electron configuration of an atom gives the distribution  of electrons among atomic orbitals in the atom.  Two general methods are used to show electron configurations.  The subshell notation uses numbers to designate the principal shells and the letters s, p, d, and f to identify the subshells.  A superscript following the letter...

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Artificial respiration

Artificial respiration is the act of assisting or stimulating respiration, a metabolic process referring to the overall exchange of gases in the body by pulmonary ventilation, external respiration, and internal respiration. Assistance takes many forms, but generally entails providing air for a person who is not breathing or is not making sufficient...

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Bone grafting

Bone grafting is a surgical procedure that replaces missing bone in order to repair bone fractures that are extremely complex, pose a significant health risk to the patient, or fail to heal properly. Bone generally has the ability to regenerate completely but requires a very small fracture space or some sort of scaffold to do so. Bone grafts may...

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Low HDL Cholesterol (Hypoalphalipoproteinemia)

Low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), or hypoalphalipoproteinemia (HA), includes a variety of conditions, ranging from mild to severe, in which concentrations of alpha lipoproteins or high-density lipoprotein (HDL) are reduced. The etiology of HDL deficiencies ranges from secondary causes, such as smoking, to specific genetic mutations, such as Tangier...

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