Hyperlipidemia, hyperlipoproteinemia, or hyperlipidaemia (British English) is the condition of abnormally elevated levels of any or alllipids and/or lipoproteins in the blood. It is the most common form of dyslipidemia (which also includes any decreased lipid levels).
Lipids (fat-soluble molecules) are transported in a protein capsule, and the size of that capsule, or lipoprotein, determines its density. The lipoprotein density and type of apolipoproteins it contains determines the fate of the particle and its influence on metabolism.
Hyperlipidemias are divided in primary and secondary subtypes. Primary hyperlipidemia is usually due to genetic causes (such as a mutation in a receptor protein), while secondary hyperlipidemia arises due to other underlying causes such as diabetes. Lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities are common in the general population, and are regarded as a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease due to their influence on atherosclerosis. In addition, some forms may predispose to acute pancreatitis.
Familial (primary)
Familial hyperlipidemias are classified according to the Fredrickson classification which is based on the pattern of lipoproteins onelectrophoresis or ultracentrifugation. It was later adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO). It does not directly account forHDL, and it does not distinguish among the different genes that may be partially responsible for some of these conditions. It remains a popular system of classification, but is considered dated by many.
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